使用MediaRecorder录制音频和视频(Camera1)

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1 概述

MediaRecorder类用于录制音频和视频。步骤如下：
(1)实例化MediaRecorder对象
(2)设置声音来源和图像来源
(3)设置视频分辨率
(4)设置录制视频文件的保存路径
(5)设置使用哪个SurfaceView
(6)准备录制视频
(7)开始录制视频
(8)停止录制，释放资源

2 代码

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    public final static String TAG = "CameraRecord";


    private ImageButton play, stop, record;
    private MediaRecorder mediaRecorder;
    private SurfaceView surfaceView;
    private boolean isRecord = false;
    private File videoDir;
    private android.hardware.Camera camera;
    private File path;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);


        if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO}, 1);
        }
        if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, 1);
        }
        if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
        }


        // 设置全屏显示
        getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);


        if (!android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
                android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "请安装SD卡！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }


        record = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.record);
        stop = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.stop);
        play = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.play);
        stop.setEnabled(false);
        play.setEnabled(false);
        surfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surfaceView);
        surfaceView.getHolder().setFixedSize(1920, 1080);
        record.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                record();
            }
        });
        stop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (isRecord) {
                    mediaRecorder.stop();
                    mediaRecorder.release();
                    record.setEnabled(true);
                    stop.setEnabled(false);
                    play.setEnabled(true);
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "录像保存在：" + path, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        });
        play.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 通过Intent跳转播放视频界面
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, PlayVideoActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });


    }


    // 创建record()方法，实现录制功能
    private void record() {
        // 设置录制视频保存的文件夹
        videoDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/DCIM/Camera/");
        if (!videoDir.exists()) {
            videoDir.mkdir();
        }
        String fileName = "video.mp4";
        path = new File(videoDir, fileName);


        mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();


        Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();
        parameters.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO);
        camera.setParameters(parameters);
        camera.startPreview();
        camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
        camera.unlock();
        mediaRecorder.setCamera(camera);
        mediaRecorder.reset();   //重置MediaRecorder
        mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);           // 设置麦克风获取声音
        mediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);        // 设置摄像头获取图像
        mediaRecorder.setVideoEncodingBitRate(1920 * 1080);                    // 设置清晰度


        CamcorderProfile profile = CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_HIGH);
        mediaRecorder.setProfile(profile);
        mediaRecorder.setVideoSize(profile.videoFrameWidth, profile.videoFrameHeight);


        mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(path.getAbsolutePath());                   // 设置视频输出路径
        mediaRecorder.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceView.getHolder().getSurface()); // 设置使用SurfaceView预览视频
        mediaRecorder.setOrientationHint(90);                                  // 调整播放视频角度
        try {
            mediaRecorder.prepare();                                           // 准备录像
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        mediaRecorder.start();                                                 // 开始录制
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "开始录像", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        record.setEnabled(false);
        stop.setEnabled(true);
        play.setEnabled(false);
        isRecord = true;
    }


    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        camera = android.hardware.Camera.open();
        super.onResume();
    }


    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        camera.stopPreview();
        camera.release();
        super.onPause();
    }
}

PlayVideoActivity.java

public class PlayVideoActivity extends Activity {
    private SurfaceView surfaceView;
    private ImageButton play, pause, stop;
    private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;
    private SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder;
    private boolean noPlay = true;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_play_video);
        // 设置全屏显示
        getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
        play = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.play);
        pause = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.pause);
        stop = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.stop);
        surfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surfaceView);
        surfaceHolder = surfaceView.getHolder();
        pause.setEnabled(false);
        stop.setEnabled(false);
        /**
         * 实现播放功能
         */
        play.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (noPlay) {
                    play();
                    noPlay = false;
                } else {
                    mediaPlayer.start();
                }
            }
        });
        /**
         * 实现暂停功能
         */
        pause.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
                    mediaPlayer.pause();
                }
            }
        });
        /**
         * 实现停止功能
         */
        stop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
                    mediaPlayer.stop();
                    mediaPlayer.release();
                    noPlay = true;
                    pause.setEnabled(false);
                    stop.setEnabled(false);
                }
            }
        });


    }


    /**
     * 创建play()方法，在该方法中实现视频的播放功能
     */
    public void play() {
        mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
        mediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
        mediaPlayer.setDisplay(surfaceHolder);
        try {
            mediaPlayer.setDataSource(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/DCIM/Camera/video.mp4");
            mediaPlayer.prepare();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        mediaPlayer.start();
        pause.setEnabled(true);
        stop.setEnabled(true);
        // 为MediaPlayer对象添加完成事件监听器
        mediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(new MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) {
                Toast.makeText(PlayVideoActivity.this, "视频播放完毕！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }


    /**
     * 当前Activity销毁时，停止正在播放的视频，并释放MediaPlayer所占用的资源
     */
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mediaPlayer != null) {
            if (mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
                mediaPlayer.stop();
            }
            // Activity销毁时停止播放，释放资源。不做这个操作，即使退出还是能听到视频播放的声音
            mediaPlayer.release();
        }
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:andro
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_
    android:layout_
    tools:context=".MainActivity">


    <!--SurfaceView组件-->
    <SurfaceView
        android:
        android:layout_
        android:layout_ />
    <!--水平线性布局-->
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <!--播放按钮-->
        <ImageButton
            android:
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@color/btn_bg"
            android:src="@drawable/play" />
        <!--录制按钮-->
        <ImageButton
            android:
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@color/btn_bg"
            android:src="@drawable/record" />
        <!--停止按钮-->
        <ImageButton
            android:
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@color/btn_bg"
            android:src="@drawable/stop" />
    </LinearLayout>


</RelativeLayout>

activity_play_video.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:andro
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_
    android:layout_
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.hyh.camerarecord.PlayVideoActivity">
    <!--SurfaceView组件-->
    <SurfaceView
        android:
        android:layout_weight="10"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_ />
    <!--水平线性布局-->
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <!--播放按钮-->
        <ImageButton
            android:
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@color/black"
            android:src="@drawable/btn_play" />
        <!--暂停按钮-->
        <ImageButton
            android:
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@color/black"
            android:src="@drawable/btn_pause" />
        <!--停止按钮-->
        <ImageButton
            android:
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@color/black"
            android:src="@drawable/btn_stop" />


    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:andro
    package="com.hyh.camerarecord">


    <!-- 授予程序录制声音的权限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
    <!-- 授予程序使用摄像头的权限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
    <!-- 授予使用外部存储器的权限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />


    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.CameraRecord"
        android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />


                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name=".PlayVideoActivity">
        </activity>
    </application>


</manifest>

3 遇到的问题

3.1 java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/Camera/DCIM/video.mp4: open failed: ENOENT (No such file or directory)

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<application
    android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
</application>

3.2 java.lang.RuntimeException: start failed.
        at android.media.MediaRecorder.start(Native Method)
        at com.hyh.camerarecord.MainActivity.record(MainActivity.java:141)

屏蔽：
//mediaRecorder.setVideoSize(1920, 1080);                              //设置视频的尺寸
//mediaRecorder.setVideoFrameRate(10);                                 //设置为每秒10帧

3.3 MediaRecorder录制的视频不聚焦

Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();
parameters.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO);
camera.setParameters(parameters);

3.4 MediaRecorder录制的视频和预览视频清晰度不一致，录制的视频不清晰 

参考https://blog.csdn.net/qunqunstyle99/article/details/83143939

CamcorderProfile profile = CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_HIGH);
mediaRecorder.setProfile(profile);
mediaRecorder.setVideoSize(profile.videoFrameWidth, profile.videoFrameHeight);

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